Siguro naririnig natin yung “conjugal property” o shared na pagmamay-ari ng mag-asawa.
Pero paano nga ba sa ganitong sitwasyon- na hindi kasal ang babae at lalake, ngunit tumira at namuhay na parang mag-asawa? Paano ide-determina ang ownership ng properties?
Ang rules po dito ay matatagpuan sa Family Code .
Ngunit ang sagot- naka depende UNA kung ang babae at lalakeng ‘di kasal ay capacitated to marry sa panahong naglve-in, o kung PANGALAWA, magkalive-in at sa batas ay may rason kung bakit hindi sila pwedeng ikasal.
UNA- kung sila ay capacitated to marry, ibig sabihin- walang basehan sa batas na ‘di sila pwedeng ikasal, pero hindi lang talaga ginawa at nag live-in lang-
Ang property na nakuha habang nagsasama ay co-owned in equal shares.
Bukod pa rito, kahit na hindi nag-ambag ang isa sa pag-bili ng property- itinuturing na nag-contribute ito sa pamamagitan ng pangangalaga at pagpapanatili ng tahanan:
Ayon sa Article 147 ng Family Code:
“Article 147. When a man and a woman who are capacitated to marry each other, live exclusively with each other as husband and wife without the benefit of marriage or under a void marriage, their wages and salaries shall be owned by them in equal shares and the property acquired by both of them through their work or industry shall be governed by the rules on co-ownership.
In the absence of proof to the contrary, properties acquired while they lived together shall be presumed to have been obtained by their joint efforts, work or industry, and shall be owned by them in equal shares. For purposes of this Article, a party who did not participate in the acquisition by the other party of any property shall be deemed to have contributed jointly in the acquisition thereof if the former’s efforts consisted in the care and maintenance of the family and of the household.”
Article 147 ng Family Code
Para mag-apply ito, ang babae at lalake ay dapat:
- May legal capacity na magpakasal (i.e. 18 years old and above at ‘di disqualified ng batas );
- Tumirang magkasama at exclusively bilang mag-asawa;
- Ngunit hindi kasal
PANGALAWA- kung sa batas ay ang babae at lalake ay hindi capacitated to marry, ibig sabihin- hindi choice ang paglive-in at kahit gustuhin mang ikasal ay bawal sa batas (halimbawa, may ibang asawa na sila, pero naglive-in pa rin)-
Hindi co-owned ang properties na nakuha habang nagsasama. Kung ano ang aktwal na ambag ng magkabilang partido sa anumang joint property, iyon lang ang kanyang mac-claim na share dito. Kung walang aktwal na contribution sa property, walang karapatan dito.
Ayon sa Article 148 ng Family Code:
“Article 148. In cases of cohabitation not falling under the preceding Article, only the properties acquired by both of the parties through their actual joint contribution of money, property, or industry shall be owned by them in common in proportion to their respective contributions. In the absence of proof to the contrary, their contributions and corresponding shares are presumed to be equal. The same rule and presumption shall apply to joint deposits of money and evidences of credit.”
Article 148 ng Family Code
Sa madaling salita, pwedeng may share kayo sa property pero depende ito kung capacitated ba kayong ikasal sa panahon ng paglive-in.
Kung oo- may claim sa kalahati.
Pero kung hindi, at sa batas ay ‘di kayo pwedeng ikasal- walang claim sa property kung walang actual contribution sa pag-acquire nito.